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Joan Trumpauer Mulholland (born September 14, 1941) is an American civil rights activist and a Freedom Rider from Arlington, Virginia. She is known for taking part in sit-ins, being the first white to integrate Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi, and to be a part of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority,〔Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. "Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, First White Initiated into Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Coming to Barron Collier High School April 13, 2015." NPDN. Naples Daily News, 9 Apr. 2015. Web. 17 May 2015.〕 joining Freedom Rides, and being held on death row in Parchman Penitentiary. She risked her relationship with her family, her education at Duke University and her life in order to participate in the civil rights movement. She was even hunted down by the KKK during freedom summer and escaped miraculously. She is now retired after teaching english as a second language for 40 years and has started a foundation known as the Joan Trumpauer Mulholland foundation that is sought to educate the youth about the civil rights movement and will also teach youth how to become activists in their own communities. You too can be an ordinary hero like Joan Trumpauer Mulholland and donate to her foundation through their gofundme page https://www.gofundme.com/amfzu4 ==Early life== Mulholland was born Joan Nelson in Washington D.C. and raised in Arlington, Virginia. She was born into the era during the African–American Civil Rights Movement. Her great-grandparents were slave owners in Georgia; after the United States Civil War, they became sharecroppers. Her mother was the very first in her family to marry a “Yankee.” Both of her parents had good government jobs.〔 Her family was not wealthy by any means, but could afford black help. Mulholland's mother became very ill after she was born, so a black woman raised Joan for the first three months of her life. Her mother was racist and very forward about her support for segregation. Mulholland recalled her mother saying, “No matter how bad things were, at least ya aren't black.” Mulholland was raised Christian. She attended Presbyterian church and Sunday school regularly.〔 She practiced memorizing verses as well such as “Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, you have done it unto me,” “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, for such is the Kingdom of God.” 〔 Joan recalled singing the children's song, “Red and yellow, black and white, they are precious in his sight, Jesus loves the little children of the world.” The morality she was taught at church was in direct contrast to the segregation around her and hatred her parents espoused. Mulholland later recalled an occasion that forever changed her perspective when visiting her family in Georgia during summer. Joan and her childhood friend Mary, dared each other to walk into “nigger” town, which was located on the other side of the train tracks. Mulholland stated her eyes were opened by the experience: “No one said anything to me, but the way they shrunk back and became invisible, showed me that they believed that they weren't as good as me.” At the age of 10, Joan began to recognize the economic divide of the races. At that moment she vowed to herself that if she could do anything, to help be a part of the civil rights movement and change the world, she would.〔An Ordinary Hero: The True Story of Joan Trumpauer Mulholland. Prod. Loki Mulholland and K. Danor Gerald. By Loki Mulholland. Dir. Loki Mulholland. Perf. Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Loki Mulholland, Michael J. O’Brien, Hank Thomas, Dion Diamond, Dorie Ladner, Joyce Lander, Rev. Reginald Green, Luvaghn Brown, Sylvia D. Thompson, Rep. Bennie G. Thompson, Rev. Ed King, Reuben V. Anderson, Eric Etheridge, Robert Luckett, Prof. John R. Salter, Jr. Bridgestone Multimedia Group, 2013. DVD〕 Her desire for activism created a tension and divide between her and her mother. She had planned on going to a small, church university in Ohio or Kentucky but her mother would not allow it, for fear that she may room or be in the same class as “colored people.”〔 Instead her mother insisted that she apply to Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and she was accepted. Her time at Duke University was not very long but from what Joan recalls her professors understood that she wanted to be part of the sit-ins and allowed her deadlines for her assignments. The dean of women at the university did not agree with Joans actions and forced her to stop her activism which resulted in Joans dis-enrollment at the university fall quarter of her first year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joan Trumpauer Mulholland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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